The Nava-Durga Upasna (नव दुर्गा उपासना )

Shailaputri

Goddess Durga‘s first form in the Nava-Durga series of divine forms, amongst the nine, is Shailaputri. She was nomenclature as Shailaputri after being born in the house of the king of the mountains, Himalaya. In this mould, the mother is seen holding a trident in her right hand and a lotus in her left and she is mounted on an ox. In the past life, she was the daughter of Daksha, the son of Lord Brahma. She was known as Sati then. As the daughter of Daksha, she was married to the God of Gods, Mahadeva. Daksha once arranged for a ceremony of the holy fire (Yagna), and chose not to invite his daughter and son-in-law. Sati was restless to join the ceremony at her father‘s place and even defied her husband‘s advice of not attending the Yagna without an invitation. Ongoing uninvited to the ceremony, she felt that everyone was giving her a cold shoulder except her mother who greeted her with a hug. Her siblings too were no exception and were sarcastic in their remarks. The guests too present at the function were uttering disrespectful comments about her husband. To her surprise, her father too was harsh and rude in his approach. She was dejected and so heartbroken that she burnt herself to ash in the holy fire. Shiva, on hearing this incident was enraged and ordered his followers to immediately demolish the Daksha Yagna. After burning herself to death, Sati was reborn as the daughter of the king of the mountains, Himalaya and became known as Shailaputri. Thus amongst all the nine forms of Devi Durga, Shailaputri is the most powerful and glorified of all. She is worshipped on the first day of the Navratri celebrations. According to the Upanishads, this form of Durga broke the pride of the Gods by assuming the mould of Haimabati.
Brahmacharini -
Durga‘s second appearance is in the form of Brahmacharini. Here "Brahma" means meditation. That is, the Goddess is the meditator or a practitioner of penance. She is seen here holding a string of rosary beads in her right hand and a Kamandalu (an urn containing holy water) in her left hand. In her previous life, when she was reborn as the daughter of Himalaya, she performed severe penance to have Mahadeva as her husband. The sage God Narada advised her to take up meditation to win Shiva. For undergoing strict meditation she was known as Brahmacharini or Tapasyacharini. Ignoring the beating sun and thundershowers, she began a three-hundred-year meditation living only leaves that fell on the forest floor. She furthered her penance making it even stricter by relinquishing food and water for another few hundred years. As she gave up eating leaves she is also referred to as "Aparna". Practising this painstaking contemplation she became weak and skinny. Unable to withstand the plight of her daughter her mother, Manoka requested her to give up her resolution. Shocked at the sight of Durga she exclaimed "u" and "ma". In Sanskrit u is a word of address, and ma means don't or not wanted). That is why Durga is also called "Uma". On the other hand, overwhelmed by Durga‘s devotion and perseverance, all the Gods and sages in heaven were placated. At last, grandfather Brahma, pleased with Devi‘s austerities made an oracle, "O maiden! No one could achieve or endure the penance you have performed to date. I am captivated by your meditation and devotion. Your wish will be fulfilled and you will certainly have Shiva as your husband. You may now return home and rest. Your father will come soon to take you". This form of Durga gives the devotees everlasting success. Worship of this appearance enriches the faculties of sacrifice, honesty and self-discipline. In times of utter distress, the worship of this form gives success and the willpower to come out victorious. This form of Durga is worshipped on the second day of the Durga puja.
Chandraghanta -
Mother Durga‘s third form is known as Chandraghanta. This name finds its justification in the half-moon seen on the temple of the Goddess that resembles a bell. The deity has ten arms. The ten hands of the Goddess brandish ten different weapons. Mounted on a lion this form of the mother is worshipped on the third day of the Navratri celebration. It is believed that a devotee who manages to earn Devi's blessings can set himself free from his sins and hazards that he has committed or may face in his life. The devotee gains the power to sense the supernatural, to see it and even smell the eternal fragrance. He is also able to distinguish the otherwise inaudible celestial sounds. This is the time when the devotee should be alert. Although the deity is always envisaged in the fearsome mood of demolishing evil, her appearance always spreads a calm and eternal peace all around. Mother Chandraghanta‘s devotees spread peace and happiness wherever they go. We should all wholeheartedly worship the mother with a devoted soul. Worship of the deity helps one eliminate the sorrow, hazards and dangers in one's life.

Kushmanda -

The fourth appearance of the Devi is in the form of Kushmanda. The mother gets the name as she created the universe with a smile. When there was darkness everywhere and there was no existence of the universe she created the universe with a smile. She is believed to be the source of eternal power. The Goddess has eight arms and that is why she is also known as "Ashtabhuja". The deity‘s seven hands hold the holy urn (Kamandul), a bow, an arrow, a lotus, a pot containing wine, a disc and a club. The eighth hand holds a string of rosary beads that is believed to provide success and prudence. Pumpkin is termed "Kushmandam" in Sanskrit. Amongst the sacrificial vegetables that are offered in the worship of the Goddess (Naivadhya), pumpkin is the most important vegetable with which Devi Kushmanda is most placated. That is why she is named "Kushmanda". She is worshipped on the fourth day of the Navratri celebration abiding by the rituals that are described in the Sashtra and the Purans. Worship of this form of the Devi exterminates sorrow and diseases and augments life, fame and strength. Mother Goddess is appeased with the slightest of devotion and if anyone whole-heartedly worships the deity he will certainly gain her favour.

Skandamata -

The fifth form of the mother is known as Skandamata. Kumar Kartik‘s other name is Skanda. As Devi Durga is the mother of Kartik, she is referred to as "Skandamata". This form of the deity has four arms. The mother is seen holding her son Skanda in the top right hand and she is holding a lotus in her lower hand. The top left hand is positioned in a blessing gesture and the other hand holds a lotus. The goddess is fair and sits on a lotus. That is why the Devi is also known as "Padmasana". Here she is seen mounted on a lion. If anyone worships her wholeheartedly, she fulfils the wish of the devotee.

Katyayani

Katyayani is the sixth form of Devi Durga. Sage Katyaayan was the son of the great sage Kat. Sage Kattayan was born in the "Katya" clan. He was engaged in rigorous penance and worship of "Bhagavati Paramba". His prayer was all about requesting the mother to appear in his household as his daughter. Mother Bhagavati obliged him. After some time, when, the world was terrorized by Mahishasura, Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva with their divine powers gave form to a Goddess to combat asura and destroy him. Katyaayan was the first to worship her and that is why she is known as "Devi Katyayani". It is mentioned in the Shastra that Katyaayani was born as the daughter of the sage Kattayan. Taking birth on the fourteenth day of the new moon in "Ashwin" (September-October), she accepted the worship of the sage Kattayan on Saptami, Ashtami and Navami and ultimately slew Mahishasura on Dashami. The deity‘s complexion is as bright as gold. She has four hands. The top right hand is positioned in a gesture of providing courage and the other hand is positioned in a gesture of rendering a boon. The top left hand is holding a sword and the other holding a lotus. The Goddess is mounted on a lion and she is worshipped on the sixth day of the Durga puja. If one worships the deity with a pure soul he attains success in religion, wealth, passion and salvation. Disease, sorrow and fear are eliminated. Worship of this deity helps one to emancipate himself from the sin he may have committed over the cycle of his births and rebirths. We should all devote our prayers to the mother to lead a better life.

Kaalratri -

Mother Goddess's seventh form is "Kaalratri". Her complexion is as dark as the night. Her cascading hair is let loose and she is seen wearing a garland that radiates light as bright as lightning. She is fearsome with her menacing three eyes, radiating fire. She is mounted on an ass. She has four hands, of which, the top right hand is in a gesture of rendering boon to all. The other hand on her right is rendering fearlessness. The top left hand is holding an iron dagger and the other hand is holding a sickle. Although she has a menacing appearance, she always delivers favourable results and her devotees need not fear her manifestations are holding an iron dagger and the other hand is holding a sickle. Although she has a menacing appearance, she always delivers favourable results and her devotees need not fear her manifestations. She is worshipped on the seventh day of the Durga puja. Devi Kaalratri destroys evil. If anyone whole-heartedly pleads of saving him from any impending danger, she protects him. As and when the Goddess is called, the evils instantaneously disappear from the place. By the Goddess's grace, the devotees overcome their fear of fire, water, animals and foes.

Mahagouri -

The Mother's eighth form is known as "Maha Gauri". Her complexion is totally white. Her garments are also white. She is mounted on an ox and has four hands. Her top right hand is rendering fearlessness and the hand below holds a trident. The top left hand holds a "Damru" and the hand below is in a gesture of giving a boon. To have Shiva as her husband she went through rigorous penance in the form of "Parvati". As a result of this arduous meditation, her complexion turned dark. Lord Shiva, pleased with the devotion of Parvati, bathed her in the holy water of the Ganges. As she bathed in the holy water she turned fair. From then onwards she became known as "Mahagouri". She is worshipped on the eighth day of the Durga puja. The devotee is benefits on all fronts as he worships the deity. Due to the Goddess's grace, the devotee attains supernatural salvation, he is relieved from all his pains and fatigue and can set himself free from his previous sins. He is never faced with sorrow and poverty and never commits any sin. The devotee wins pure and endless virtue.

Siddhidatri -

Durga's ninth mould is the form of "Siddhidatri". She delivers success. according to "Markendeo Puran" there are eight types of success, such as "Anima", "Laghima", "Prapti", "Prakashya", "Mahima", "Ishhattya", "Bashittya", "Sarvakaam Bashayita" and "Sarvagyata". But in the "Sri Krishna Janmakhanda" of the "Brahmavaivarta Puran", there are another ten types of success such as "Doorsravan", "Parakayaprabeshan", "Baksiddhi", "Kalpavrikshattwa", "Srishti", "Samharkaransamartha", "Amarattwa", "Sarvanaykattwa", "Bhavna" and "Siddhi". Thus there are eighteen types of successes. Mother Siddhidatri is capable of rendering all these forms of success to her devotees. According to the Purans, Lord Shiva achieved salvation by the grace of this deity. The deity is seen sometimes sitting on a lotus and sometimes mounted on a lion. She is four-armed. The lower right hand of the Goddess holds a disc and the upper right hand holds a club. The lower left hand holds a conch shell and the upper hand holds a lotus. She is worshipped on the ninth day of the Durga puja. She is the ultimate form of the Goddess among the Navadurga. After having performed the worship of the other forms of the Goddess according to the rituals mentioned in the Sashtra, the devotee can then start the worship of this deity. Those who worship the Goddess with full devotion are bestowed with all the success. She has been unified with the forces of sustenance and salvation of the great Lord Vishnu.

सोमवती अमावस्या पर शाही स्नान का महत्व

कुंभमेला, जिसे दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा धार्मिक आयोजन कहा जाता है, यूनेस्को की अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक विरासत मानवता की प्रतिनिधि सूची में इसका उल्लेख मिलता है।

अभी हरिद्वार में कुंभ मेला चल रहा है। 

कोविड 19 के चलते इस वर्ष 2021 में कुम्भ का स्वरूप भी बदल गया है।  उचित दुरी एवं मास्क का प्रयोग अनिवार्य है ताकि यह कोरोना वाइरस ज्यादा फैले नहीं।  यात्रियों को भी कुम्भ में आने से पहले कोरोना की नेगेटिव रिपोर्ट लानी अनिवार्य है। 

कुम्भ काल में अमावस्या तिथि (अमावस्या दिवस)आदि कुछ महत्वपूर्ण तिथियों में गंगा के पवित्र जल में स्नान अनुष्ठान को शाही स्नान कहा जाता है। 

अमावस्या तिथि मुख्य रूप से पूर्वजों के लिए समर्पित है। लोग अपने मृतक रिश्तेदारों को श्राद्ध और तर्पण अनुष्ठान करके उनका आशीर्वाद पाने और पितृ दोष (पितरों के श्राप) से छुटकारा पाने के लिए तर्पण करते हैं। यह माना जाता है कि पवित्र जल में डुबकी लगाने से, वह पापों से छुटकारा पा सकता है ।

इसके अलावा, कुंभ मेले के दौरान, तपस्वियों (साधुओं, संतों और अन्य पवित्र पुरुषों) ने अपने शाही स्नान अनुष्ठानों के लिए गंगा किनारे एकत्र होते हैं। 

सोमवती अमावस्या की पौराणिक कथा:

पौराणिक कथा के अनुसार, एक गरीब ब्राह्मण परिवार था.उस परिवार में पति-पत्नी के अलावा एक पुत्री भी थी.वह पुत्री धीरे-धीरे बड़ी होने लगी। उस पुत्री में समय और बढ़ती उम्र के साथ सभी स्त्रियोचित गुणों का विकास हो रहा था.वह लड़की सुंदर, संस्कारवान एवं गुणवान थी.किंतु गरीब होने के कारण उसका विवाह नहीं हो पा रहा था। 

एक दिन उस ब्राह्मण के घर एक साधु महाराज पधारें. वो उस कन्या के सेवाभाव से काफी प्रसन्न हुए.कन्या को लंबी आयु का आशीर्वाद देते हुए साधु ने कहा कि इस कन्या के हथेली में विवाह योग्य रेखा नहीं है। 

तब ब्राह्मण दम्पति ने साधु से उपाय पूछा, कि कन्या ऐसा क्या करें कि उसके हाथ में विवाह योग बन जाए.साधु ने कुछ देर विचार करने के बाद अपनी अंतर्दृष्टि से ध्यान करके बताया कि कुछ दूरी पर एक गांव में सोना नाम की धोबिन जाति की एक महिला अपने बेटे और बहू के साथ रहती है, जो बहुत ही आचार-विचार और संस्कार संपन्न तथा पति परायण है।  

यदि यह कन्या उसकी सेवा करे और वह महिला इसकी शादी में अपने मांग का सिंदूर लगा दें, उसके बाद इस कन्या का विवाह हो तो इस कन्या का वैधव्य योग मिट सकता है। साधु ने यह भी बताया कि वह महिला कहीं आती-जाती नहीं है।  

यह बात सुनकर ब्राह्मणी ने अपनी बेटी से धोबिन की सेवा करने की बात कही.अगल दिन कन्या प्रात: काल ही उठ कर सोना धोबिन के घर जाकर, साफ-सफाई और अन्य सारे करके अपने घर वापस आ जाती। 

एक दिन सोना धोबिन अपनी बहू से पूछती है कि- तुम तो सुबह ही उठकर सारे काम कर लेती हो और पता भी नहीं चलता.बहू ने कहा- मां जी, मैंने तो सोचा कि आप ही सुबह उठकर सारे काम खुद ही खत्म कर लेती हैं.मैं तो देर से उठती हूं.इस पर दोनों सास-बहू निगरानी करने लगी कि कौन है जो सुबह ही घर का सारा काम करके चला जाता है। 

कई दिनों के बाद धोबिन ने देखा कि एक कन्या मुंह अंधेरे घर में आती है और सारे काम करने के बाद चली जाती है।  जब वह जाने लगी तो सोना धोबिन उसके पैरों पर गिर पड़ी, पूछने लगी कि आप कौन है और इस तरह छुपकर मेरे घर की चाकरी क्यों करती हैं?

तब कन्या ने साधु द्बारा कही गई सारी बात बताई.सोना धोबिन पति परायण थी, उसमें तेज था.वह तैयार हो गई.सोना धोबिन के पति थोड़ा अस्वस्थ थे। उसने अपनी बहू से अपने लौट आने तक घर पर ही रहने को कहा।  

सोना धोबिन ने जैसे ही अपने मांग का सिन्दूर उस कन्या की मांग में लगाया, उसका पति मर गया.उसे इस बात का पता चल गया.वह घर से निराजल ही चली थी, यह सोचकर की रास्ते में कहीं पीपल का पेड़ मिलेगा तो उसे भंवरी देकर और उसकी परिक्रमा करके ही जल ग्रहण करेगी।  

उस दिन सोमवती अमावस्या थी। ब्राह्मण के घर मिले पूए-पकवान की जगह उसने ईंट के टुकड़ों से 108 बार भंवरी देकर 108 बार पीपल के पेड़ की परिक्रमा की और उसके बाद जल ग्रहण किया। ऐसा करते ही उसके पति के मुर्दा शरीर में वापस जान आ गई। धोबिन का पति वापस जीवित हो उठा। यह सोमवती अमावस्या का माहात्म्य है जो लोक में प्रचलित है।  

Know About Naga Baba & Akhadas

Haridwar Maha Kumbh 2021 

Maha Kumbh Festival, Haridwar invites millions of tourists, pilgrims and foreign nationals. The major crowd puller at the fair, however, remains the congregation of the Naga Sadhus. These sadhus keep attracting the attention of all due to their out-of-the-world appearance and extraordinary rituals. Tourists from every corner of the world flock to Haridwar during the Kumbh Mela season to watch these Naga Baba meditate and perform other rituals. The identification features of this sect of sadhus include being naked, having long knotty hair and having a body smeared with ashes. In addition, the Naga Babas are able to withstand the extremities of weather.
Even when the mercury dips down to a single digit, they continue to meditate and observe different rituals without being hindered in the least. These Naga Sadhus belong to different 'Akhadas', meaning camps. A number of Akhadas participate in the Haridwar Kumbh Mela, each having its own group of Naga Babas. Living life in the most unconventional way, the Naga Sadhus follow their own style and enjoy it too without caring about the world at all. During the Kumbh Mela in Haridwar, the Naga Babas can be seen performing different types of Yogasanas. To watch them busy meditating, travellers need to remain close to the Ganga ghats in Haridwar. You will be surprised to know that these Naga Sadhus can thrive merely on herbs. Interacting with the Naga Babas is seen as a rare opportunity to know things that are so out of the world yet belong to us. These sadhus make a pilgrimage to the Kumbh Mela to perform various types of Yogic asanas, Sashtang Dandthvad being the most prominent one. The purpose of this Yogic asana is to let the whole body prostrate. You will be deemed fortunate if you catch sight of these Naga Sadhus in some other Yogic postures like hanging from the branch of a tree.
The Naga Babas are also seen wearing numerous Rudraksha beads, believed to possess positive healing powers according to Hindu mythology. These are in actuality the beads of the Rudraksha tree. Not just a few, but you can witness Naga Sadhus wearing thousands of Rudraksha beads. They believe that wearing 11,000 Rudraksha beads will help them attain the form of Lord Shankara.
While you visit the Akhada (or camp) of Naga Babas, you will see them indulge in smoking 'chillum', a pot of clay to hold bhang, the narcotic marijuana. The consumption of bhang is also considered to be a part of the rituals performed by the Naga Babas. The sadhus hold the view that doing so will lead them to nirvana, meaning the final emancipation of the soul. Pilgrims also flock to the Akhadas of Naga Babas in large numbers. The upcoming Kumbh Mela in Haridwar will be organized in the year 2010. So, the next time you plan a tour to the Kumbh Festival, do try to find an opportunity to get to one of the Akhadas and interact with the Naga Babas. But, keep your cameras poised! 

List of Naga Baba/Sadhus Akhada

Sanyasi Akhadas

Shri Taponidhi Niranjani Akhada Panchayati
Shri Panchayati Anand Akhada
Shri Panchadashnam Juna Akhada
Shri Panch Aahvan Akhada
Shri Agni Akhada
Shri Panchayat Akhada Mahanirvani
Shri Panch Atal Akhada Bairagi Akhadas Shri Nirvani Akhada
Shri Digambar Akhada
Shri Nimrohi Akhada Nirmal Akhadas Shri Panchayati Udasin Akhada
Shri Udasin Panchayati Naya Akhada
Shri Nirmal Panchayati Akhada

About Akahadas

As per the Vedic Concept of life, the usual life span of a person was divided into four distinct periods or ashrams, brahmacharya or study period, grihastha or normal life period, vanaprastha, or withdrawal period and sannyasa. As this system fell into disuse and the concept of Mathas gained prominence and became an important centre to propagate ethical behaviour and to protect the Vedic concept of life. the sanyasis of various Mathas were divided into various categories governing the various aspects of Vedic life Akhara means literally a place for verbal debate or a place for practice for the protection of Sanatana Dharma.
Akhara is divided into 8 Davas (दावा) (divisions) and 52 Madhis (मढ़ी) (centres). Each Marhi is governed by a Mahant. The top administrative body of the Akhara is Shree Panch (the body of five), representing Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti and Ganesha. It is elected on every Kumbh Mela and the body holds its post for 4 years. Traditionally during the Kumbh Mela, the Naga Sadhus, and the 'Akharas', take the principal place in initiating the bathing rituals, before the general population steps in.
Overview
Akharas are divided into different types according to the concept of God they worship. Shaiva Akharas for followers of Lord Shiva, Vaishnava or Vairagi Akhara for followers of Lord Vishnu and Kalpwasis for followers of Lord Brahma.
Its history date back to the 8th century AD when Adi Shankaracharya established seven Akharas namely Mahanirvani, Niranjani, Juna, Atal, Avahan, Agni and Anand Akhara. Today there are 3 major Akharas (Mahanirvani, Niranjani, Juna) and 3 minor Akharas (Atal affiliated with Mahanirvani, Anand affiliated with Niranjani, Avahan affiliated with Juna). Furthermore, there is one small Brahmachari Akhara named Agni, affiliated with Juna.
The naga Akhada Movement Akharas were established by Shree Adi Shankaracharya who divided Sannyasa into two categories:
Astradharis (weapon holders)
Shastradharis (scripture holders)
This movement was founded in the 8th century by Adi Shankaracharya when he established a group of fighters initiated followers whose task was to protect pilgrims and sadhus from robbers & other enemies, later called the Nagas Astradharis (weapon holders)
The first group is known as Naga Sannyasis; their initiation ceremony takes place only during Kumbh Mela. Only those who were initiated during Kumbh Mela in Prayag are eligible to be Shree Mahants. The initiation ceremony for nagas is different from those for the second group (Paramahansas and Dandies). The biggest Akhara - regarding the number of Sadhus in it - is Juna, then Niranjani and then Mahanirvani. The first person in the Akhara is the Acharya Mahamandaleshwar, followed by other Mahamandaleshwaras, Mandaleshwaras and Shree Mahants.